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Methanol
Methanol is an organic chemical compound and the simplest aliphatic alcohol. A colorless liquid with a smell indistinguishable from the smell of ethyl alcohol. Methanol is used in the gas industry to combat the formation of hydrates (due to its low pour point and good solubility). Methanol is used to release formaldehyde, formalin, acetic acid and a number of esters (for example, MTBE and DME), isoprene in organic synthesis.
Methanol and its properties
A strong solvent, in many cases it can replace ethyl alcohol.
Methanol (unlike ethanol) does not form an azeotropic mixture with water, water-methanol mixtures can be separated by distillation.
Methanol (unlike ethanol) does not form an azeotropic mixture with water, water-methanol mixtures can be separated by distillation.
Global Methanol market
The global methanol market is about 85 million tons; half of it is processed in China.
Today, Russia, along with China, Saudi Arabia, Trinidad and Tobago, and Iran, is one of the five largest methanol producing countries.
Global demand for methyl alcohol is growing by an average of 5.5% per year, and by 2027 it may reach 135 million tons.
Today, Russia, along with China, Saudi Arabia, Trinidad and Tobago, and Iran, is one of the five largest methanol producing countries.
Global demand for methyl alcohol is growing by an average of 5.5% per year, and by 2027 it may reach 135 million tons.
Using methanol as a fuel
Raw materials for mixed gasoline:
The most widely used in China
Bunker fuel for ships:
reduction of sulfur oxide emissions in ECA zones
Biodiesel:
a product obtained by the chemical reaction of vegetable oil or animal fat with alcohol to form an alkyl ester of fatty acids
Conversion of methanol to gasoline (MTG) using Mobil Dimethyl ether (DME) technology:
as a propellant for aerosol sealing foam, in the production of extruded polystyrene foam, dimethyl sulfates, as a refrigerant, motor fuel
Methyl tret-butyl ether (MTBE):
It is added to gasoline to increase its octane number.
The most widely used in China
Bunker fuel for ships:
reduction of sulfur oxide emissions in ECA zones
Biodiesel:
a product obtained by the chemical reaction of vegetable oil or animal fat with alcohol to form an alkyl ester of fatty acids
Conversion of methanol to gasoline (MTG) using Mobil Dimethyl ether (DME) technology:
as a propellant for aerosol sealing foam, in the production of extruded polystyrene foam, dimethyl sulfates, as a refrigerant, motor fuel
Methyl tret-butyl ether (MTBE):
It is added to gasoline to increase its octane number.
Formaldehyde
- Phenolic-formaldehyde resin
- Pentaerythritol
- Isoprene
- POM
- Paraform
- Hexamine
Olefins
- Ethylene
- Propylene
Gas production
- Inhibitor of hydrate formation
Acetic acid
- Vinyl acetate
- Terephthalic acid
- Acetic anhydride
- Acetic ether
Methyl methacrylate
- Copolymers
- PMMA
Metallamines
- Pesticides
- Herbicides
- Fungicides
- Insecticides
The method of synthesis of methanol from carbon monoxide and hydrogen was developed in 1913 and subsequently improved.
Today, the original gas for the synthesis of methanol is obtained as a result of the conversion (transformation) of hydrocarbon raw materials: natural gas, coke oven gas, liquid hydrocarbons (oil, fuel oil, light catalytic cracking) and solid fuels (coal, shale).
The original gas for the synthesis of methanol is obtained from almost all types of raw materials that are used in the production of hydrogen for the synthesis of ammonia. In addition, both technological schemes use similar processes and devices, so the production of methanol is often combined with the production of ammonia. Examples of such a mixed production is JSC Nevinnomyssky Azot, located in Nevinnomyssk (Stavropol Territory) and NPO Azot in Novomoskovsk.
The use of zinc-copper catalysts allows the synthesis of methanol at a temperature and pressure of MPa.
The main stages of methanol production:
The mixture heated as a result of the exothermic reaction exits the synthesis column and cooled by a heat exchanger, giving its heat to the synthesis gas. The cooled reaction mixture is then sent to the refrigerator, enters the separator, in which methanol is condensed and collected in a receiver (collector). The unreacted synthesis gas is returned to the technological process. The use of the circulation principle helps to significantly increase the yield of methanol.
Today, the original gas for the synthesis of methanol is obtained as a result of the conversion (transformation) of hydrocarbon raw materials: natural gas, coke oven gas, liquid hydrocarbons (oil, fuel oil, light catalytic cracking) and solid fuels (coal, shale).
The original gas for the synthesis of methanol is obtained from almost all types of raw materials that are used in the production of hydrogen for the synthesis of ammonia. In addition, both technological schemes use similar processes and devices, so the production of methanol is often combined with the production of ammonia. Examples of such a mixed production is JSC Nevinnomyssky Azot, located in Nevinnomyssk (Stavropol Territory) and NPO Azot in Novomoskovsk.
The use of zinc-copper catalysts allows the synthesis of methanol at a temperature and pressure of MPa.
The main stages of methanol production:
- obtaining a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (synthesis gas);
- obtaining a raw methyl alcohol;
- Isolation and purification of methyl alcohol (rectification).
The mixture heated as a result of the exothermic reaction exits the synthesis column and cooled by a heat exchanger, giving its heat to the synthesis gas. The cooled reaction mixture is then sent to the refrigerator, enters the separator, in which methanol is condensed and collected in a receiver (collector). The unreacted synthesis gas is returned to the technological process. The use of the circulation principle helps to significantly increase the yield of methanol.
Logistics
In accordance with GOST 26319-84, the following are used for storage and transportation of methyl hydrate:
Specialized cargo containers are used for bulk transportation of methanol by various modes of transport: automobile and railway tanks, certified tank containers with an upper loading/discharge system.
The methanol tank container is a combined transport package consisting of a steel tank firmly fixed in a container frame with universal twistlock fittings. Thanks to the unified dimensions and container fasteners, the tank container is excellent for direct and multimodal transportation of flammable and toxic substances, allowing to change vehicles without access to a dangerous product.
- combined containers — glass or polymer containers of small volume in additional corrugated cardboard packaging;
- canisters, flasks made of polymer materials, aluminum or steel, placed on pallets, as well as in a crate;
- non-galvanized metal barrels and IBC containers (eurocubes).
Specialized cargo containers are used for bulk transportation of methanol by various modes of transport: automobile and railway tanks, certified tank containers with an upper loading/discharge system.
The methanol tank container is a combined transport package consisting of a steel tank firmly fixed in a container frame with universal twistlock fittings. Thanks to the unified dimensions and container fasteners, the tank container is excellent for direct and multimodal transportation of flammable and toxic substances, allowing to change vehicles without access to a dangerous product.
60 tons
from 5000 tons
Tank wagon
Marine tanker
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